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Chapter 1: Exploring Life

01_01UnifyingThemesOfBio_T	01_03aBiologicalOrg_CL	01_03bBiologicalOrg_CL	01_04EcosysEnergyFlow_CL	01_07DNAGeneticMaterial_L
01_06DNADirectsDev_CL	01_10CellProteinInteract_L	01_11NegativeFeedback_L	01_12PositiveFeedback_L	01_14ClassifyingLife_L
01_15ThreeDomains_CL	01_16EukaryoticCilia_CL	01_20NaturalSelectionSumm_L	01_21NaturalSelectionEx_L	01_23GalapagosFinches_L
01_25ScientificExperiment_L	01_27CoralAndKingSnakes_CL	01_29MimicPredationRates_L	01_30BloodFlowModel_L

Chapter 2: The Chemical Context of Life

02_01HumanBodyElements_T	02_04HeliumModels_L	02_05RadioactiveTracers_L	02_07EnergyLevels_L	02_08ElectronShells_L
02_09ElectronOrbitals_L	02_10CovalentBondForm_L	02_11FourCovalentBonds_L	02_12PolarCovalentBonds_L	02_13IonicBonding_L
02_14SodiumChloride_CL	02_15HydrogenBond_L	02_16MolecularShapes_L	02_17MolecularMimic_L	02_UN44HydrogenReaction_L
02_UN46Molecules_L

Chapter 3: Water and the Fitness of the Environment

03_02WaterMolecules_L	03_03WaterTransport_CL	03_05IceStructure_L	03_06DissolvingSalt_L	03_07WaterSolubleProtein_L
03_08pHScale_L	03_09AcidPrecipitation_CL	03_UN48UnlikelyMolecules_L	03_UN53WaterDissociation_L

Chapter 4: Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

04_03SimpleMoleculeShapes_L	04_04OrganicValences_L	04_05CarbonSkeletons_L	04_06FatMolecule_CL	04_07OrganicIsomers_L
04_08Enantiomers_L	04_09SexHormones_CL	04_10aOrganicCompounds_T	04_10bOrganicCompounds_T	04_UN61UreaMolecule_L
04_UN67aSugarMolecules_L	04_UN67bAsymmetricCarbon_L	04_UN67cMissingFuncGroup_L	04_UN67dStrongerAcidA_L	04_UN67eStrongerAcidB_L

Chapter 5: The Structure and Function of Macromolecules

05_01ProteinFunctions_T	05_02Polymers_L	05_03Monosaccharides_L	05_04GlucoseLinearRing_L	05_05Disaccharides_L
05_07StarchCelluloseStruc_L	05_06StoragePolysacchar_CL	05_08CelluloseArrange_CL	05_10Chitin_CL	05_10ChitinStructure_L
05_11FatStructure_L	05_12SaturatedUnsatFats_CL	05_13PhospholipidStructur_L	05_14PhospholipidBehavior_L	05_15Cholesterol_L
05_16EnzymeCatalyticCycle_L	05_17aNonpolarAminoAcids_L	05_17bPolarAminoAcids_L	05_18PolypeptideChain_L	05_19Lysozyme_L
05_20aPrimaryStructure_L	05_20bSecondaryStructur_CL	05_20dTertiaryStructure_L	05_20eQuarternaryStructur_L	05_20ProteinStructureLvls_L
05_21SickleCellDisease_CL	05_22ProteinDenaturation_L	05_23ChaperoninAction_L	05_24XRayCrystallogrphy_CL	05_25CellInfoFlow_L
05_26NucleicAcidComponent_L	05_27DNADoubleHelix_L	05_UN78AminoAcidFormula_L

Chapter 6: A Tour of the Cell

06_01CytoskeletonStructur_T	06_02CellSizeRange_L	06_03LightMicroscopy_CL	06_05CellFractionation_L	06_06ProkaryoticCell_CL
06_07SurfaceVolumeRatio_L	06_08PlasmaMembrane_CL	06_09aAnimalCell_L	06_09bPlantCell_L	06_10Nucleus_CL
06_11Ribosomes_CL	06_12EndoplsmcReticulum_CL	06_13GolgiApparatus_CL	06_14Lysosomes_CL	06_15PlantCellVacuole_CL
06_16EndomembraneSystem_1_L	06_16EndomembraneSystem_2_L	06_16EndomembraneSystem_3_L	06_16EndomembraneSystem_L	06_17Mitochondrion_CL
06_18Chloroplast_CL	06_20Cytoskeleton_CL	06_21MotorProteins_CL	06_22CentrosomeStructur_CL	06_23FlagellaAndCilia_CL
06_24FlagellumStructure_CL	06_25DyneinWalking_L	06_27Motility_L	06_28PlantCellWalls_CL	06_29ExtracellularMatrix_L
06_31IntercellJunctions_CL

Chapter 7: Membrane Structure and Function

07_01PlasmaMembrane_L	07_02PhospholipidBilayer_L	07_03FluidMosaicModel_L	07_04FreezeFracture_CL	07_05MembraneFluidity_L
07_06MembProteinMovement_L	07_07PlasmaMembrane_L	07_08TransmembraneProtein_L	07_09MembProteinFunctions_L	07_10MembraneSynthesis_L
07_11DiffusionMembrane_L	07_12Osmosis_L	07_13WaterBalance_L	07_15FacilitatedDiffusion_L	07_16SodiumPotassiumPump_L
07_17Transport_L	07_18ElectrogenicPump_L	07_19Cotransport_L	07_20Endocytosis_CL	07_UN140ArtificialCell_L

Chapter 8: An Introduction to Metabolism

08_05_FreeEnergyChange_L	08_06ExergonicEndergonic_L	08_07HydroelectricAnalogy_L	08_08ATPStructure_L	08_09ATPHydrolysis_L
08_10EnergyCoupling_L	08_11HowATPDrivesCellWork_L	08_12ATPCycle_L	08_13HydrolysisOfSucrose_L	08_14ExergonicReaction_L
08_15EnzymeAction_L	08_16EnzymeInducedFit_L	08_17CatalyticCycle_L	08_18EnzymeEnvironFactors_L	08_19EnzymeInhibition_L
08_20AllostericRegulation_L	08_21FeedbackInhibition_L	08_22Mitochondria_CL	08_UN141MetabolicPathway_L	08_UN159BranchedPathway_L

Chapter 9: Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy

09_02EcosystemRecycling_L	09_03MethaneCombustRedox_L	09_04NADElectronShuttle_L	09_05ElectronTransChains_L	09_06CellRespiration_1_L
09_06CellRespiration_2_L	09_06CellRespiration_3_L	09_06CellRespiration_L	09_07Phosphorylation_L	09_08GlycolysisEnergy_L
09_09aGlycolysisInvest_1_L	09_09aGlycolysisInvest_2_L	09_09aGlycolysisInvest_L	09_09bGlycolysisPayoff_1_L	09_09bGlycolysisPayoff_2_L
09_09bGlycolysisPayoff_L	09_10PyruvateToAcetylCoA_L	09_11CitAcidCycleOverview_L	09_12CitricAcidCycle_1_L	09_12CitricAcidCycle_2_L
09_12CitricAcidCycle_3_L	09_12CitricAcidCycle_4_L	09_12CitricAcidCycle_L	09_13ElectronTransport_L	09_14ATPSynthase_L
09_15Chemiosmosis_L	09_16ATPYieldPerGlucose_L	09_17Fermentation_L	09_18PyruvateInCatabolism_L	09_19Catabolism_L
09_20RespirationControl_L	09_UN161aRedoxReactNaCl_L	09_UN161bGenRedoxReaction_L	09_UN162aRedoxProcess_L	09_UN162bDehydrogenase_L

Chapter 10: Photosynthesis

10_02Photoautotrophs_CL	10_03Chloroplast_CL	10_04TrackingAtoms_L	10_05PhotosynthOverview_1_L	10_05PhotosynthOverview_2_L
10_05PhotosynthOverview_3_L	10_05PhotosynthOverview_L	10_06ElectromagSpectrum_L	10_07WhyLeavesAreGreen_L	10_08AbsorptionSpectrum_L
10_09PhotosynthWavelength_L	10_10ChlorophyllStructure_L	10_11ExcitingChlorophyl_CL	10_12HarvestingLight_L	10_13NoncyclicElectron_1_L
10_13NoncyclicElectron_2_L	10_13NoncyclicElectron_3_L	10_13NoncyclicElectron_4_L	10_13NoncyclicElectron_5_L	10_13NoncyclicElectron_L
10_14LightReactions_L	10_15CyclicElectronFlow_L	10_16ChemiosmosisCompared_L	10_17ThylakoidMembrane_L	10_18CalvinCycle_1_L
10_18CalvinCycle_2_L	10_18CalvinCycle_3_L	10_18CalvinCycle_L	10_19C4Pathway_L	10_20C4andCAMPhotosynth_CL
10_21PhotosynthReview_L	10_UN200ChloroplastExp_L

Chapter 11: Cell Communication

11_02YeastCellSignaling_L	11_03DirectCommunication_L	11_04CellCommunication_L	11_05CellSignalingOver_1_L	11_05CellSignalingOver_2_L
11_05CellSignalingOver_3_L	11_05CellSignalingOver_L	11_06IntracellReceptor_L	11_07aGProtLinkReceptors_L	11_07bTyrosineKinases_L
11_07cIonChannelReceptors_L	11_08PhosphorylatCascade_L	11_09CyclicAMP_L	11_10cAMPSecondMessenger_L	11_11CalciumIonConcentrat_L
11_12CalciumSignalPath_1_L	11_12CalciumSignalPath_2_L	11_12CalciumSignalPath_3_L	11_12CalciumSignalPath_L	11_13CytoplasmicResponse_L
11_14NuclearResponse_L	11_15CellSignalSpecific_L	11_16ScaffoldingProtein_L

Chapter 12: The Cell Cycle

12_02CellDivFunctions_CL	12_04ChromosomeDuplicat_CL	12_05CellCycle_L	12_06aMitoticDivision_CL	12_06bMitoticDivision_CL
12_07MitoticSpindle_CL	12_08AnaphaseKinetochor_CL	12_09Cytokinesis_CL	12_10PlantCellMitosis_CL	12_11BinaryFission_1_L
12_11BinaryFission_2_L	12_11BinaryFission_3_L	12_11BinaryFission_L	12_12MitosisEvolution_L	12_13CellCycleRegulation_L
12_14MechAnalogyCellCycle_L	12_15G1Checkpoint_L	12_16G2Checkpoint_L	12_17FibroblastCellDiv_CL	12_18CellDivInhibition_CL
12_19MalignantTumorGrowth_L

Chapter 13: Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

13_03KaryotypePrep_CL	13_04DuplicatedChromosome_L	13_05HumanLifeCycle_L	13_06SexualLifeCycles_L	13_07MeiosisOverview_L
13_08aAnimalMeiosisOne_L	13_08bAnimalMeiosisTwo_L	13_09MitosisVMeiosis_L	13_10IndependentAssort_L	13_11CrossingOver_L

Chapter 14: Mendel and the Gene Idea

14_01PeaPlantCharacters_T	14_02ABObloodGroup_T	14_02CrossingPeaPlants_L	14_03PurpleWhiteFlowers_L	14_04Alleles_L
14_05LawOfSegregation_1_L	14_05LawOfSegregation_2_L	14_06PhenotypeVsGenotype_L	14_07Testcross_L	14_08IndependentAssort_L
14_09PunnettSquare_L	14_10IncompleteDominance_L	14_11Epistasis_L	14_12PolygenicInheritance_L	14_14PedigreeAnalysis_L
14_17AmnioAndCVS_L	14_UN259Probabilities_T	14_UN273AlkaptPedigree_L

Chapter 15: The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

15_02MendelAndChromosmes_L	15_04WildMutantDrosX_L	15_05LinkedGenes_L	15_06RecombLinkedGenes_L	15_07ConstructLinkageMap_L
15_08DrosLinkageMap_L	15_09SexDetermination_L	15_10XLinkedInheritance_L	15_11XChromInactivation_CL	15_12Nondisjunction_L
15_14ChromosomalMutations_L	15_16TranslocationCML_L	15_17GenomicImprinting_L	15_UN278DrosophilaTestX_L	15_UN278UnlinkedGenes_L

Chapter 16: The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

16_01BactRepProteins_T	16_02GriffithExperiment_L	16_04HersheyChaseExper_L	16_05DNAStrand_L	16_07DNADoubleHelix_L
16_08DNABasePairing_L	16_09DNAReplication_1_L	16_09DNAReplication_2_L	16_09DNAReplication_3_L	16_09DNSReplication_4_L
16_10AltDNARepModels_L	16_11MeselsonStahlExper_L	16_12EukDNARepOrigins_CL	16_13AddingNucelotides_L	16_14LeadLagStrands_L
16_15LaggingStrand_1_L	16_15LaggingStrand_2_L	16_15LaggingStrand_3_L	16_15LaggingStrand_4_L	16_15LaggingStrand_5_L
16_15LaggingStrand_6_L	16_16BactDNARep_L	16_17DNAExcisionRepair_L	16_18DNAShortening_L	16_UN298NitrogenBases_L

Chapter 17: From Gene to Protein

17_01TypesOfEukaryoticRNA_T	17_02ArginineBiosynthesis_L	17_03GeneticInfoFlow_1_L	17_03GeneticInfoFlow_2_L	17_03GeneticInfoFlow_3_L
17_03GeneticInfoFlow_4_L	17_03GeneticInfoFlow_5_L	17_04GeneInfoFlowTriplet_L	17_05GeneticCode_L	17_07aTranscription_1_L
17_07aTranscription_2_L	17_07aTranscription_3_L	17_07aTranscription_4_L	17_07bTranscripElongation_L	17_08TranscripInitiation_L
17_09RNAProcessingCapTail_L	17_10RNASplicing_L	17_11snRNPsSpliceosomes_L	17_12ExonsDomains_L	17_13Translation_L
17_14tRNAStructure2D_L	17_14tRNAStructure3D_L	17_15tRNAAminoAcidLink_L	17_16RibosomeStructure_CL	17_17TranslationInitiat_L
17_18TranslationElong_L	17_19TranslationTerminat_L	17_20Polyribosomes_CL	17_21ProteinToER_L	17_22BacteriaGeneExpress_L
17_23PointMutation_L	17_24BasePairSubstitution_L	17_25FrameshiftMutation_L	17_26GeneExpressOverview_L

Chapter 18: The Genetics of Viruses and Bacteria

18_01AnimalViruses_T	18_02VirusBactAnimalCell_L	18_05ViralReproCycle_L	18_06T4LyticCycle_L	18_07LamdaLyticLysoCycle_L
18_08EnvRNAVirusLifeCycle_L	18_09HIVStructure_L	18_10HIVReproduction_CL	18_13PrionPropagation_L	18_14BactChromReplication_L
18_15BactGeneTransferExp_L	18_16Transduction_1_L	18_16Transduction_2_L	18_18ConjRecombination_1_L	18_18ConjRecombination_2_L
18_18ConjRecombination_3_L	18_18ConjRecombination_4_L	18_19TransposableElements_L	18_20MetabolismRegulation_L	18_21aTrpOperon_L
18_21bTrpOperon_1_L	18_21bTrpOperon_2_L	18_22aLacOperon_L	18_22bLacOperon_L	18_23LacOperonCAP_L
18_UN358BactViralGrowth_L

Chapter 19: Eukaryotic Genomes: Organization, Regulation, and Evolution

19_01GlobinSimilarity_T	19_02ChromatinPacking_L	19_03EukGeneExpRegulation_L	19_04HistoneModification_L	19_05EukGeneTranscript_L
19_06ActivatorAction_L	19_07CellSpecificGeneReg_L	19_08AltRNASlicing_L	19_09miRNAGeneReg_L	19_10ProteosomeActivity_L
19_11OncogeneMutation_L	19_12CellCyclRegulation_1_L	19_12CellCyclRegulation_2_L	19_12CellCyclRegulation_3_L	19_13CancerDevelopment_L
19_14HumanDNATypes_L	19_16EukTransposableElem_L	19_17GeneFamilies_L	19_18GeneDupUnequalXOver_L	19_19GeneFamilyEvolution_L
19_20ExonShuffling_L

Chapter 20: DNA Technology and Genomics

20_01GenomeDiversity_T	20_02GeneCloningOverview_L	20_03MakingRecombinantDNA_L	20_04GeneCloning_1_L	20_04GeneCloning_2_L
20_04GeneCloning_3_L	20_05NucleicAcidProbe_L	20_06GenomicLibraries_L	20_07PCR_L	20_08GelElectrophoresis_CL
20_09RFLPAnalysis_L	20_10SouthernBlotting_L	20_11GenomeMapping_L	20_12DideoxyChainTerminat_L	20_13ShotgunSequencing_L
20_14MicroassayGeneActiv_L	20_15RFLPMarkers_L	20_16RetroviralGeneTherap_L	20_19TiPlasmid_L	20_UN388aGeneProbe_L
20_UN388bGeneProbe_L

Chapter 21: The Genetic Basis of Development

21_04DevelopmentStages_L	21_05TotipotentPlantCells_L	21_06NuclearTransplantat_L	21_07MammalReproCloning_L	21_09StemsCells_L
21_10DetermDifferentiat_1_L	21_10DetermDifferentiat_2_L	21_10DetermDifferentiat_3_L	21_11EarlyEmbryoDevelInfo_L	21_12DrosophilaDevelop_L
21_14DrosBicoidGene_CL	21_15CElegansCellFate_CL	21_16NematodeDevelopment_L	21_18MolBasisApostosis_L	21_20FlowerDevelopment_CL
21_21MeristemInduction_L	21_23HomeoticGenes_L	21_24HoxEcpression_L	21_UN425HierachGeneAction_T

Chapter 22: Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life

22_02DarwinHistoryContext_L	22_05BeagleVoyage_CL	22_07ElephantPhylogeny_L	22_10ArtifSelection_CL	22_12ReznikEndlerGuppies_L
22_13EvolHIVDrugResistanc_L	22_14Homology_L	22_16HemoglobinHomology_L	22_17ConvergentEvolution_L

Chapter 23: The Evolution of Populations

23_03CaribouPopDistrib_CL	23_04MendelHardyWeinberg_L	23_05HardyWeinbergTheorem_L	23_07GeneticDrift_L	23_08BottleneckEffect_CL
23_10AllopatChromVariat_CL	23_11GeographicVariation_L	23_12ModesOfSelection_L	23_13BalancedPolymorphism_L	23_14SelectExperiment_CL
23_16SexVAsexReproduction_L

Chapter 24: The Origin of Species

24_02AnaVCladogenesis_L	24_04ReproBarriers_CL	24_05AllopatSympatSpeciat_L	24_07AllopatSpecExper_L	24_08SympatSpeciation_L
24_09AllopolyploidSpeciat_L	24_10SympatSexSelChichlid_L	24_12AdaptiveRadiation_CL	24_13PunctEqVGradualism_L	24_14MolluscEyes_L
24_15AllometricGrowth_L	24_16Heterochrony_CL	24_18HoxGenesTetrapodEvol_L	24_1918HoxGenesVertEvol_L	24_20HorseEvolution_L

Chapter 25: Phylogeny and Systematics

25_03StrataFormation_L	25_06AligningDNA_L	25_07MolecularHomoplasy_L	25_08HierarchClassific_L	25_09CarnivoraPhylogeny_L
25_10MonoParaPolyphyly_L	25_11Cladogram_L	25_12Phylogram_L	25_13UltrametricTrees_L	25_14TreesDiffLikelihoods_L
25_15aParsimonySystematic_L	25_15bParsimonySystematic_L	25_16ParsimonyHomoAnalogy_L	25_17HomologousGenes_L	25_18TreeOfLife_L
25_UN497aPhyloTrees_L	25_UN497bPhyloTrees_L

Chapter 26: The Tree of Life: An Introduction to Biological Diversity

26_01GeologicalRecord_T	26_02MillerExperiment_L	26_04Protobionts_CL	26_05Ribiozyme_L	26_07RadiometricDating_L
26_08DiversityMassExtinct_L	26_09ImpactCrater_CL	26_10EarthHistoryClock_L	26_13Endosymbiosis_L	26_17CambrianRadiation_L
26_18CrustalPlates_L	26_19PlateBoundaries_L	26_20ContinentalDrift_L	26_21FiveKingdoms_L	26_22aPhylogeny_L
26_22bPhylogeny_L	26_UN521EarthHistoryClock_L	26_UN522EarthHistoryClock_L	26_UN523EarthHistoryClock_L	26_UN525EarthHistoryClock_L
26_UN526EarthHistoryClock_L

Chapter 27: Prokaryotes

27_01ProkNutritionalModes_T	27_02ThreeDomains_T	27_03GramStaining_CL	27_06ProkFlagellum_CL	27_12ProkPhylogeny_L

Chapter 28: Protists

28_01ProtistDiversity_T	28_03PlastidDiversity_L	28_04EukPhylogeny_L	28_06EuglenaFlagellus_CL	28_08Euglena_CL
28_11PlasmodiumLifeCycl_CL	28_12ParamecStructFunc_CL	28_14WaterMoldLifCycl_1_CL	28_14WaterMoldLifCycl_2_CL	28_14WaterMoldLifCycl_3_CL
28_21LaminariaLifeCycle_CL	28_26PlasSlimMoldLifCyc_CL	28_27DictyostelLifCyc_CL	28_31ChlamyLifeCycle_CL

Chapter 29: Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

29_01ExtantPlantPhyla_T	29_04PlantClades_L	29_05MeriAndAltGenerat_CL	29_05SporanGametEmbryo_CL	29_06FossilSporeSporophy_L
29_07PlantPhylogeny_L	29_08MossLifeCycle_1_CL	29_08MossLifeCycle_2_CL	29_08MossLifeCycle_3_CL	29_09BryophyteDiversity_CL
29_10SphagnumSignificant_L	29_11FossilVascularPlant_L	29_12FernLifeCycle_L	29_13LeafEvolution_L	29_UN573PlantPhylogeny_L
29_UN580BryophytePhylo_L	29_UN584SeedlessPhylo_L	29_UN586HomoAndHeterospor_L

Chapter 30: Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants

30_01SeedPlantsMeds_T	30_02GametoSporophyte_L	30_03OvuleToSeed_L	30_06PineLifeCycle_1_L	30_06PineLifeCycle_2_L
30_06PineLifeCycle_3_L	30_07FlowerStructure_L	30_10AngiospermLifeCycl_1_L	30_11AngioSisterGroup_CL	30_12AngiosDiversity_CL
30_12MonocotsVDicots_CL	30_UN593PlantPhylogeny_L	30_UN607PlantPhylogeny_L

Chapter 31: Fungi

31_01FungalPhyla_T	31_02FungusStructure_CL	31_03HyphaeStructure_L	31_04SpecializedHyphae_CL	31_05FungiLifeCycle_1_L
31_05FungiLifeCycle_2_L	31_05FungiLifeCycle_3_L	31_06Penicillium_CL	31_09FungalPhylogeny_L	31_11FlagellLossHomoplasy_L
31_12ZygomyceteLifCycle_CL	31_17AscomyceteLifCycl_CL	31_20BasidioLifCycl_CL	31_24AscoLichenStruct_CL	31_UN613aFungalPhylogeny_L
31_UN613bFungalPhylogeny_L	31_UN615FungalPhylogeny_L	31_UN616FungalPhylogeny_L	31_UN618FungalPhylogeny_L	31_UN625GraveLichen_UP

Chapter 32: An Introduction to Animal Diversity

32_02AnimalEmbryoDevel_1_L	32_02AnimalEmbryoDevel_2_L	32_02AnimalEmbryoDevel_3_L	32_03Choanoflagellate_L	32_04AnimalOrigins_L
32_07BodySymmetry_L	32_08TriploblasticBauplan_L	32_09ProtDeutDevelopment_L	32_10AnimalPhylogeny_L	32_11AnimalPhylogenyMolec_L
32_13Lophotrochozoan_CL

Chapter 33: Invertebrates

33_01CnidariaClasses_T	33_02AnimalPhylogeny_L	33_02FlatwormClasses_T	33_03MolluscaClasses_T	33_04AnnelidClasses_T
33_04SpongeAnatomy_CL	33_05ArthropodSubphyla_T	33_05PolypMedusa_L	33_06EchinodermClasses_T	33_06HydraCnidocyte_L
33_07AnimalPhyla_T	33_08ObeliaLifeCycle_1_CL	33_08ObeliaLifeCycle_2_CL	33_08ObeliaLifeCycle_3_CL	33_10PlanarianAnatomy_L
33_11BloodFlukeLifCycl_CL	33_12TapewormAnatomy_CL	33_16MolluscaBodyPlan_L	33_19GastropodTorsion_L	33_21ClamAnatomy_L
33_29ArthropodAnatomy_L	33_32SpiderAnatomy_L	33_35GrasshopperAnatomy_L	33_37InsectDiversityA_L	33_37InsectDiversityB_L
33_39SeaStarAnatomy_L

Chapter 34: Vertebrates

34_02ChordatePhylogeny_L	34_03ChrodateCharacters_L	34_04TunicateStructure_CL	34_06LanceletVertHoxgenes_L	34_07NeuralCrest_L
34_08PrimitiveChordates_CL	34_11Conodont_L	34_12JawlessArmoredFish_L	34_13JawEvolution_L	34_14EarlyGnathostomes_L
34_16TroutAnatomy_L	34_19Acanthostega_L	34_20TetrapodOrigin_L	34_23AmniotePhylogeny_L	34_24AmnioteEgg_L
34_28WingStructureFunct_CL	34_29Archaeopteryx_L	34_32MammalJawEarEvol_L	34_35MetaEutheriaConverge_L	34_36MammalDiversity_L
34_36MammalPhylogeny_L	34_38PrimatePhylogeny_L	34_41HominidTimeline_L	34_42BipedalBeforeBrain_CL	34_UN673ChordatePhylo_L
34_UN674ChordatePhylo_L	34_UN676ChordatePhylo_L	34_UN678ChordatePhylo_L	34_UN680ChordatePhylo_L	34_UN682ChordatePhylo_L
34_UN685ChordatePhylo_L	34_UN688ChordatePhylo_L	34_UN694ChordatePhylo_L

Chapter 35: Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

35_02AngiospermStructure_L	35_06SimpleVCompoundLeaf_L	35_09PlantCellDiversity_CL	35_10PrimarySecondGrowth_L	35_11PlantGrowth_L
35_12PrimaryRootGrowth_CL	35_17LeafAnatomy_CL	35_18StemGrowth_1_CL	35_18StemGrowth_2_CL	35_18StemGrowth_3_CL
35_19CambiumCellDivision_L	35_20TreeTrunkAnatomy_L	35_21Arabidopsis_L	35_22PlaneSymmetryCellDiv_L	35_23PreprophaseBand_CL
35_24PlantCellExpansion_CL	35_31ABChypothesis_L

Chapter 36: Transport in Vascular Plants

36_02VascPlantTransport_1_L	36_02VascPlantTransport_2_L	36_02VascPlantTransport_3_L	36_02VascPlantTransport_4_L	36_03ProtonPump_L
36_04PlantCellSoluteTrans_L	36_05WaterPotential_L	36_06CellVEnvPsi_L	36_08CellTransport_L	36_09RootLateralTransport_L
36_12Transpiration_L	36_13XylemSapFlow_L	36_15GuardCellFunction_L	36_17SucroseLoading_L	36_18PressureFlow_L

Chapter 37: Plant Nutrition

37_01PlantEssentialNutri_T	37_02PlantNutrientUptake_L	37_03Hydroponics_L	37_04PlantMineralDefSymp_L	37_06SoilToRootHair_L
37_09PlantBactNitrogen_1_L	37_09PlantBactNitrogen_2_L	37_09PlantBactNitrogen_3_L	37_11SoybeanRootNodule_L	37_12Mycorrhizae_CL

Chapter 38: Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

38_02AngiospermReproduct_L	38_03FloralVariation_CL	38_04AngioGametophytes_L	38_05SelfFertBarriers_L	38_06DoubleFertilization_L
38_07EudicotEmbryogenesis_L	38_08SeedStructure_L	38_09FruitDevelopment_L	38_10SeedGermination_L

Chapter 39: Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

39_01PlantHormones_T	39_03SignalTransduction_L	39_04PlantSigTransduct_1_L	39_04PlantSigTransduct_2_L	39_04PlantSigTransduct_3_L
39_05PhototropismExper_L	39_06ColeoptilePhotropism_L	39_08AuxinResponse_L	39_13EthyleneResponse_L	39_14EthyleneMutants_L
39_15EthyleneMutants_L	39_16Abscission_CL	39_17PhototropicExper_L	39_18PfPfrGermination_CL	39_19PhytochromeStructure_L
39_20PhytochromeSwitch_L	39_22DarkPeriodInterrupt_L	39_23PhotoperiodResponse_L	39_24FloweringHormone_L	39_25Gravitropism_CL
39_29HerbivoryDefense_L	39_30AvrRGenes_L	39_31SARresponse_L	39_UN804PfPfrConversion_L

Chapter 40: Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

40_01OrganSystems_T	40_03SurfaceArea_L	40_04ExchangeSurfaces_CL	40_05ConnectStructFunc_CL	40_05EpithelStructFunc_CL
40_05MuscleStructFunc_CL	40_06StomachTissueLayer_CL	40_07Bioenergetics_L	40_08_CL	40_09MaxMetabolicRates_L
40_10EnergyBudgets_L	40_11NegativeFeedback_L	40_12EndoEctoThermoreg_L	40_13HeatExchange_L	40_14IntegumentarySystem_L
40_15CountercurrentHea_L	40_16AquaticThermoreg_L	40_17MothThermoregulation_L	40_20HawkmothWarmup_L	40_21HypothalamThermostat_L
40_22BeldingSquirrel_CL

Chapter 41: Animal Nutrition

41_01EssentialVitamins_T	41_02EssentialMinerals_T	41_03BloodSugarBalance_L	41_05AppetiteRegulation_L	41_10ComplementaryProtein_L
41_12FoodProcessing_L	41_13HydraDigestion_L	41_14GITractDiversity_L	41_15HumanDigestiveSystem_L	41_16SwallowPeristalsis_1_L
41_16SwallowPeristalsis_2_L	41_16SwallowPeristalsis_3_L	41_17HumanStomach_CL	41_19HumanDuodenum_L	41_20ProteaseActivation_L
41_21HumDigestEnzymeChart_L	41_22DigestHormoneRegulat_L	41_23SmallIntestineStruct_L	41_24FatDigestAbsorb_L	41_26TeethRevealDiet_L
41_27GITractComparison_CL	41_28RuminantDigestion_L

Chapter 42: Circulation and Gas Exchange

42_02CnidariaGastrovasc_CL	42_03CirculatorySystems_L	42_04VertCirculatorySyst_L	42_05MammalCirculatorySys_L	42_06MammalHeart_L
42_07CardiacCycle_L	42_08HeartRhythm_L	42_09BloodVessels_CL	42_10VenousBloodFlow_CL	42_11BloodPressFlowArea_L
42_12MeasureBP_1_L	42_12MeasureBP_2_L	42_12MeasureBP_3_L	42_12MeasureBP_4_L	42_13CapillaryBeds_CL
42_14FluidExchange_CL	42_15BloodComposition_L	42_16BloodCellDevelopment_L	42_17BloodClotting_CL	42_19GasExchange_L
42_20GillDiversity_CL	42_21FishGills_L	42_22TrachealSystems_CL	42_23MammalRespSystem_CL	42_24NegPressureBreathing_L
42_25BirdRespSystem_CL	42_26AutonomBreathControl_L	42_27GasExchange_L	42_28HemoglobinOxygen_L	42_29OxygenDissocCurves_L
42_30CarbDioxTransort_L	42_UN897FetalMaternOxyDis_L

Chapter 43: The Immune System

43_01BloodTransfusion_T	43_02ImmunityOverview_L	43_04Phagocytosis_L	43_05LymphaticSystem_L	43_06LocalInflammation_L
43_07Epitopes_L	43_08AntigenReceptors_L	43_09TcellsAndMHC_L	43_10LymphocyteDevelop_L	43_11IgGeneRearranement_L
43_12ClonalSelection_L	43_13ImmuneMemory_L	43_14AquiredImmunity_1_L	43_14AquiredImmunity_2_L	43_14AquiredImmunity_3_L
43_15HelperTcells_CL	43_16CytotoxicTcells_CL	43_17HumoralResponse_1_CL	43_17HumoralResponse_2_CL	43_17HumoralResponse_3_CL
43_18TypesOfIg_L	43_19AntigenDisposal_L	43_20AllergicResponse_CL

Chapter 44: Osmoregulation and Excretion

44_03Osmoregulation_L	44_05WaterBalance_L	44_06CamelWaterbalance_L	44_07BirdSaltExcretGlands_L	44_08NitrogenousWastes_L
44_09ExcretorySystFunct_L	44_10Protonephridia_L	44_11Metanephridia_L	44_12MalpighianTubules_L	44_13MammalExcretSyst_CL
44_14Nephron_L	44_15UrineConcentration_1_L	44_15UrineConcentration_2_L	44_15UrineConcentration_3_L	44_16KidneyHormoneControl_L

Chapter 45: Hormones and the Endocrine System

45_01aEndocGlandsHypo_T	45_01bEndocGlandsPanc_T	45_02HormonControlPathway_L	45_03HormoneSignaling_L	45_04CellSpecificResponse_L
45_06HumanEndocGlands_L	45_07PostPituitaryHormone_L	45_08AntPituitaryHormones_L	45_09T3T4FeedbackRegulat_L	45_11CalciumHomeostasis_L
45_12GlucoseHomeostasis_L	45_13StressAdrenals_L	45_15InsectDevelopment_1_L	45_15InsectDevelopment_2_L	45_15InsectDevelopment_3_L

Chapter 46: Animal Reproduction

46_03Parthenogenesis_CL	46_07FlatwormReproAnat_L	46_08InsectReproAnat_L	46_09aHumFemaleReproAnat_L	46_09bHumFemaleReproAnat_L
46_10aHumMaleReproAnat_L	46_10bHumMaleReproAnat_L	46_11Oogenesis_L	46_12Spermatogenesis_L	46_13FemaleReproCycle_L
46_14TestesHormoneControl_L	46_15EarlyPostfertiliz_L	46_16Placenta_L	46_18LaborInduction_L	46_19_LaborStages_L
46_20ContraceptiveMethods_L	46_UN986ParentCarEvolPhyl_L

Chapter 47: Animal Development

47_03AcrosomalCorticalRxn_L	47_04EggCaDistribution_CL	47_05FertilizationTimelin_L	47_06MammalEarlyFertEvent_L	47_08AmphibBodyAxesEstab_L
47_09FrogCleavage_CL	47_10ChickCleavage_L	47_11UrchinGastrulat_1_CL	47_11UrchinGastrulat_2_CL	47_11UrchinGastrulat_3_CL
47_12FrogGastrulation_L	47_13ChickGastrulation_L	47_14FrogOrganogenesis_CL	47_15ChickOrganogenesis_CL	47_16GermLayers_L
47_17ExtraembryonMembrane_L	47_18HumEarlyEmbryoDevel_L	47_19Morphogenesis_L	47_20ConvergentExtension_L	47_23FateMapping_CL
47_24GrayCrescent_L