Unit 1: The Chemistry of Life
Animations
Study Guide
Chapter 2
The Chemical Context of Life
Review
Matter consists of chemical
in pure
form
and in combinations called
.
Each element is made of a single kind of
atom
made of
,
, and
.
Electrons occupy different
with different
energy
. The outermost, or
, shell contains
electrons.
A
bond
is the
of a pair of
electrons between different atoms of a
. These bonds are strong and stable.
A
covalent
bond
is the sharing of two pairs of valence electrons.
Electronegativity is the attraction of an atom for
. In a
covalent bond the atoms have different
electronegativities
and share the electrons
.
In an
bond one atom strips
away from other atoms, creating
atoms
called
.
Ionic
compounds are often called
, which may form
.
Electronegativity can result in weak chemical bonds.
A
bond
forms from the attraction of charged regions of
molecules.
interactions
form when transiently charged regions of molecules attract each other.
Unit 1: The Chemistry of Life
Animations
Study Guide
Chapter 3
Water and the Fitness of the Environment
Review
is the biological medium here on
Earth.
Water
is a
molecule, and its numerous
bonds result in unique properties.
Water can
dissociate
into H
+
(hydrogen) and OH
-
(hydroxide)
.
The concentration of these ions is measured on the
scale.
such as carbonic
acid
minimize changes in pH.
precipitation
is caused primarily by the mixing of water vapor and
and
oxides produced by the combustion of
fuels.
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Oct 4, 2009
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