Unit 1: The Chemistry of Life
Animations
Study Guide
Chapter 4
Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life
Review
Living organisms are made up of
compounds based mostly on the element
carbon,
which has
valence
electrons,
and can form four covalent bonds with other atoms.
Hydrocarbons
such as
and
consist only
and
.
are molecules with the same molecular
formula
but different
.
groups
are the chemically reactive groups of atoms that give
molecules distinctive
chemical
properties.
Unit 1: The Chemistry of Life
Animations
Study Guide
Chapter 5
The Structure and Function of Macromolecules
Review
Macromolecules are polymers that are made from linking building blocks (
) with
bonds
by
, and can
disassemble
by
.
Carbohydrates
are
and serve as fuel and building material.
Monosaccharides
are sugar monomers and can be linked to form
.
such as
sucrose
, lactose, and
maltose
consist of two monosaccharides.
include
glycogen,
starch,
cellulose,
and
chitin.
Review:
are mostly neutral
and thus are
.
Fats
can be
with
no
double bonds, or
with double
bonds.
Two important classes of
in cells are
phospholipids
and
steroids.
Proteins
consist of one or more
chains, which are polymers of amino acids.
An
is a
protein
that acts as a
,
speeding
up chemical reactions.
Nucleic acid
polymers
called
are made of
monomers.
DNA is usually composed of two polynucleotide strands wound around each other in a
helix.
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Oct 3, 2009
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