Unit 2: The Cell Animations   Study Guide

Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration Review
  1. Living organisms require to perform cellular work.
     
     
     
     
  2. Energy flows into most ecosystems as and leaves as .
     
     
     
     
  3. Cellular is a catabolic pathway that consumes and organic molecules and yields the energy molecule by the transfer of .
     
     
     
     
  4. Electron transfer occurs through chemical reactions called reactions. Molecules such as NAD+ and FAD act as electron receptors in this pathway.
     
     
     
     
  5. In cellular respiration, is oxidized and is reduced, in a series of steps called the transport chain (ETC) to form .
     
     
     
     
  6. Cellular respiration comprises three metabolic stages: , acid cycle, and phosphorylation.
     
     
     
     
    • occurs in the to produce two molecules of from the metabolism of one molecule.
       
       
       
       
    • The is converted to CoA, which enters the acid cycle in the matrix of the mitochondrion.
       
       
       
       
    • During phosphorylation, NADH and FADH2 donate to the ETC to produce about 32 to 34 molecules of ATP.
     
     
     
     
    Review: Cellular Respiration
     
     
     
     
  7. In conditions, glycolysis is followed by , which does not produce , but regenerates NAD+, and allows glyocolysis to continue generating ATP.
     
     
     
     
  8. Other organic molecules such as and can also enter cellular respiration via different pathways.
Unit 2: The Cell Animations   Study Guide

Chapter 10 Photosynthesis Review
  1. Plants and other are the of ecosystems.
     
     
     
     
  2. Photoautotrophs can convert solar energy into the energy in food by a process called .
     
     
     
     
  3. Photosynthesis is a process where water is and carbon dioxide is to .
     
     
     
     
  4. In plants, photosynthesis occurs in organelles called chloroplasts, which contain its own pigment molecules.
     
     
     
     
  5. There are two major stages: the reactions and the cycle (light-independent reactions).
     
     
     
     
    • The light reactions occur in the , where pigment molecules located in a photosystem absorb light and their electrons reach an state.
       
       
       
       
    • Each excited electron is passed through an transport chain (ETC) and another photosystem, where the energy is used to produce and reduce NADP+ to .
       
       
       
       
    • The Calvin cycle occurs in the to synthesize from carbon dioxide.
     
     
     
     
  6. plants are adapted to hot, dry climates by incorporating CO2 into -carbon as the substrate in the Calvin cycle.
     
     
     
     
  7. The production of carbon compounds from CO2 is called fixation. 
     
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