Chapter 12 Animations    Art 

Unit 2: The Cell The Cell Cycle Review
  1. The continuity of life is based upon cell , the reproduction of cells.
     
     
     
     
  2. Prokaryotes reproduce by a type of cell division called fission, where the DNA is , and the cell splits, producing "daughter" cells.
     
     
     
     
  3. Eukaryotic DNA is packaged into that condenses into during cell division.
     
     
     
     
  4. (nonreproductive) cells have sets of chromosomes (diploid) and reproduce asexually by , while (sex cells) have set of chromosomes (haploid) and reproduce by .
     
     
     
     
  5. Mitosis is preceded by an ; together these constitute the cell .
     
     
     
     
  6. The mitotic phase consists of , the division of the nucleus, and , the division of the cytoplasm.
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
    Review: Mitosis and Cytokinesis
Chapter 13 Animations    Art 

Unit 3: Genetics Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles Review
     
     
     
     
  1. In reproduction, one parent produces genetically ffspring by fission or by .
     
     
     
     
  2. In reproduction, two parents produce offspring that have unique combinations of inherited from each parent.
     
     
     
     
  3. A is an ordered, visual representation of the in a cell.
     
     
     
     
  4. In humans, each cell has chromosomes made up of two sets, with one set coming from each parent.
     
     
     
     
    • 44 of these are pairs of chromosomes, or , and have the same ; each of the pair comes from each of the parents of the individual.
       
       
       
       
    • The other two chromosomes are chromosomes, called X and Y, which determine the gender of the individual. Cells having a full complement of chromosomes are .
       
       
       
       
    • Each chromosome consists of two identical sister , attached to the .
     
     
     
     
  5. are sex cells that are produced from cells in organs called by meiosis.
     
     
     
     
  6. occurs when a sperm fuses with an ovum, forming a diploid , which grows and develops into an adult organism.
     
     
     
     
  7. Since meiosis reduces the number of chromosome sets from to , two cellular divisions are required, preceded by a single .
     
     
     
     
  8. Meiosis is the chromosome division, and meiosis produces haploid daughter cells.
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
    Summary.
     
     
     
     
  9. Sexual reproduction produces genetic by several mechanisms: independent , crossing , and random fertilization.
     
     
     
     
  10. The tremendous genetic variation made possible by meiosis and reproduction provides raw material for evolution by selection. 
     
    
 
    
 
    
 
    
 
    
 
    
 
    
 
    
 
    
 
    
 
    
 
    
 
    
 
    
 
    
 
    
 
    
 
    
 
    
 
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