Chapter 26 Animations    Art 

Unit 5: The Evolutionary History of Diversity Phylogeny and The Tree of Life Review
  1. is the study of the evolutionary history and relationships of organisms, based on shared characters inherited from a common .
     
     
     
     
  2. Carolus Linnaeus introduced a system of , for classifying species in seven hierarchical categories (taxa).
     
     
     
     
  3. Phylogenetic relationships are shown as branching trees where each branch point represents the of two when they shared a common (homology).
     
     
     
     
    • similarity can be misleading due to evolution (analogy).
       
       
       
       
    • homologies that make use of computer programs to analyze segments can reveal many relationships not attainable by other methods.
     
     
     
     
  4. Shared ancestry and shared characters are drawn on a to show evolutionary relationships; this practice is called .
     
     
     
     
  5. A clade must be , and consists of the species and all its descendants; paraphyletic and polyphyletic groups do not qualify as legitimate clades.
     
     
     
     
  6. The tree of life is divided into three great clades called : (Monera), , and . 
     
    
 
    
 
    
 
    
 
    
 
    
 
    
 
    
 
    
 
    
 
    
 
    
 
    
 
    
 
    
 
    
 
    
 
    
 
    
 
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