Chapter 31 Animations    Art 

Unit 5: The Evolutionary History of Diversity Fungi Review
  1. Fungi are : they cannot make their own food, but feed by secreting and absorbing the digested organic compounds.
     
     
     
     
  2. Most fungi are , but they can also be and even .
     
     
     
     
  3. Many fungi that reproduce asexually grow as or as unicellular .
     
     
     
     
  4. Fungi produce haploid through or life cycles.
     
     
     
     
  5. There are five major fungal phyla.
     
     
     
     
    • Chytrids have spores, called .
       
       
       
       
    • Zygomycetes possess heterokaryotic cells called zygosporangia; some produce spores in oriented , which can be “aimed”.
       
       
       
       
    • Glomeromycetes form mutualistic mycorrhizae with about 90% of plants.
       
       
       
       
    • Ascomycetes produce sexual spores in saclike .
       
       
       
       
    • Basidiomycetes include mushrooms and shelf fungi, as well as some parasites.
     
     
     
     
  6. Fungi form symbiotic relationships with many organisms.
     
     
     
     
    • Mycorrhizae are symbionts between a fungus and plants roots.
       
       
       
       
    • Lichens are a association between photosynthetic microorganisms and a fungus.
       
       
       
       
    • Many species of ants and termites raise fungi in fungus “farms”.
     
     
     
     
    Summary.
Chapter 32 Animations    Art 

Unit 5: The Evolutionary History of Diversity An Introduction to Animal Diversity Review
  1. Animals are multicellular, eukaryotes that ingest their food.
     
     
     
     
  2. The ancestor of animals diverged from those of about 1.2 billion-800 million years ago, and may have resembled modern .
     
     
     
     
  3. The kingdom diversified about 525 million years ago, during the explosion, when many animal phyla appeared.
     
     
     
     
  4. Animals can be categorized by how their cells are organized according to a plan.
     
     
     
     
    • symmetry is like a flower pot, the body radiates from the center.
       
       
       
       
    • symmetry has a single plane of symmetry.
       
       
       
       
    • Most animals have that develop from embryonic layers of the .
       
       
       
       
    • Diploblastic animals such as jellyfish have germ layers: and . Triploblastic animals have germ layers, including a .
       
       
       
       
    • The mesoderm may develop into tissue that line a fluid–filled space called a .
       
       
       
       
      • A is a body cavity only partially lined by mesoderm tissues.
         
         
         
         
      • Organisms without a body cavity are considered .
     
     
     
     
  5. The coelomates show two major modes of development.
     
     
     
     
    • Protostomes develop their from blastopore of the gastrula.
       
       
       
       
    • Deuterostomes develop their from the blastopore.
     
     
     
     
  6. Current phylogeny places as a clade with true , and divides the into three clades: , Lophotrochozoa, and Ecdysozoa. 
     
    
 
    
 
    
 
    
 
    
 
    
 
    
 
    
 
    
 
    
 
    
 
    
 
    
 
    
 
    
 
    
 
    
 
    
 
    
 
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