Unit 5: The Evolutionary History of Diversity Animations   Study Guide

Chapter 27 Bacteria and Archaea Review
  1. Most prokaryotes are microscopic, and can be found almost anywhere.
     
     
     
     
  2. The most common shapes are (cocci), (bacilli), and .
     
     
     
     
  3. Many bacteria exhibit , the directional movement in response to a stimulus, by propelling themselves with .
     
     
     
     
  4. The prokaryotic genome is usually a circular ring of DNA located in a region.
     
     
     
     
  5. Prokaryotic cells lack . The cell wall of many prokaryotes is covered by a protective , and many also form in harsh conditions.
     
     
     
     
  6. Response to stain classified bacterial species into two groups based on amount of in the cell : gram- and gram- .
     
     
     
     
  7. Molecular analysis has now revealed several among the gram-negative prokaryotes, while another group is now assigned its own domain of .
     
     
     
     
    • Many archaea live in extreme conditions: thrive in hot environments, live in saline environments, and live in swamps.
       
       
       
       
    • The gram- bacteria constitute their own clade.
       
       
       
       
    • Gram- bacteria include cyanobacteria, and , which includes E. coli and the nitrogen fixing Rhizobium.
     
     
     
     
  8. Some prokaryotes are human pathogens, such as the bacterium that causes Lyme disease.
     
     
     
     
    • Anthrax:
       
       
       
       
    • Cholera:
     
     
     
     
    Bacteria diversity: 
     
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