NAD Two electrons and one proton (from food) in arrow at right.
etc MENTION chemiosmosis. Cyanide inhibits cytochrome c oxidase. Pump protons into intermembrane space.
anaerobic Probiotic: Lactic acid bacteria, yeasts and bacilli; colon cancer, cholesterol, blood pressure.
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0. Thomsons Gazelle: female tommies have short, smooth, pencil-slim horns, or none at all. Impala females have no horns.
1. NADH is reduced form of NAD⁺, a coenzyme.
2. Coenzyme: organic substance usually contains a vitamin or mineral, combines with an enzyme to form active enzyme system.
3. NAD: nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, a derivative of the vitamin niacin
4. FAD: flavin adenine dinucleotide, derived from riboflavin, a B vitamin
5. Osmosis: diffusion of fluid through a semipermeable membrane from low solute concentration to high.
6. Chemiosmosis: protein complexes pump H+ from matrix to intermembrane space. The H+ gradient (proton-motive force) drives chemiosmosis in ATP synthase.
7. Champagne: second fermentation, strong bottle & cork.
8. Cheese: bacteria + rennet: mammalian stomach enzymes to digest mother's milk