Summer Shrubs: Summer Wetland Flora, Other sketches (Aliens in red)

Caprifoliaceae (Honeysuckle) Viburnum opulus European Highbush Cranberry: Flat cymes; sterile showy outer flowers 5 petals, yellow anthers. Red drupes turn into raisins. Concave glands on grooved petiole, fang-like stipules at petiole base. var. americanum is native V. trilobum with round glands.	Caprifoliaceae Viburnum acerifolium Mapleleaf Viburnum: Understory of upland hardwood forest or slopes in moist well drained soil. Opposite leaves usually coarsely toothed and three lobed, white anthers, no glands on petiole. White flowers in a cyme, Red drupes turn purple to black when ripe.	Caprifoliaceae Viburnum dentatum Arrowwood: Arrow-straight stems; uncommon but widely cultivated. Lower leaf surface dull green, tufts of hair in vein axils or on veins. Unfragrant white flowers, yellow stamens. Blue-black drupes. var. lucidum is called V. recognitum, Smooth Arrowwood.
Caprifoliaceae Viburnum prunifolium Black Haw: Finely serrate leaves with dull upper side turn deep, dull red; good to excellent fall color. Edible fruits pink turn dark blue. Dark brown bark broken in square plates, like alligator hide. Branches opposite and right-angled, look like fish skeleton. Resembles hawthorns (red haws)?	Caprifoliaceae Viburnum lentago Nannyberry: Drupes in clusters hang from pink-red petioles turn from yellow to blue-black, often persist into winter. Similar to V. prunifolium but petiole has wavy margins, long-pointed leaves, average to poor mixed fall color, more susceptible to powdery mildew. Nanny goats feed on berries.	Rosaceae Amelanchier arborea Serviceberry: Leaves alternate, finely serrate, and oval or oblong shaped; deep, dull red Fall color. Slender twigs have long-pointed, yellowish buds. Smooth, dark ashy gray and matted bark become rough with long splits and furrows. Edible pink fruits turn purple.
Cornaceae Cornus racemosa Gray Dogwood: Elliptic to lance-shaped leaves turn dusky purplish red. White flowers with 4 petals in terminal racemes turn to white drupes. Terminal stems holding the flowers are red; red stem color often persists into early winter. Suckers from stolons.	Cornaceae Cornus amomum Silky Dogwood: Moist soils. Leaves elliptic with 4-6 pairs of lateral veins, roll up when dead. Many stems join at one common point. Twigs magenta with fine hairs and brown pith. White drupes turn blue. var. schuetzeana is C. obliqua, Blue-fruited Dogwood.	Rosaceae Prunus americana Wild Plum: Finely serrated leaf 3-4 inches, pointed tip, green above, paler beneath. Reddish twig some thorns, developing exfoliating gray film; leaf scars raised. White flowers 5 petals, 1 inch across, protruding yellow anthers, unpleasantly aromatic.